[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":205},["ShallowReactive",2],{"DlFXI4Eibt_Bn9lrEZz1TYbHCWFZj3IvqwHQSEW-Exc":3,"bRAz2ROCQH8twq0W1gqgMj95Hf47L1q6I9BctChMB_Y":194},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"",{"category":7,"tag":11,"hot":39,"new":78,"banner":118,"data":143,"cache":193},[8,9,10],"Agent","OpenAI","LLM",[12,14,17,20,23,25,27,30,33,36],{"title":8,"total":13},39,{"title":15,"total":16},"Google",44,{"title":18,"total":19},"Nvidia",13,{"title":21,"total":22},"Claude",11,{"title":9,"total":24},35,{"title":10,"total":26},85,{"title":28,"total":29},"DeepSeek",9,{"title":31,"total":32},"OCR",1,{"title":34,"total":35},"Chat",7,{"title":37,"total":38},"Generator",116,[40,48,55,64,71],{"id":41,"publish_date":42,"is_original":4,"collection":5,"cover_url":43,"cover_url_1_1":44,"title":45,"summary":46,"author":47},557,"2022-04-29","article_res/cover/7a9b1375ed9bb298154981bae42b794d.jpeg","article_res/cover/afa281dd52bc0454e6735daa8e6b0706.jpeg","Translation and summary of Messari Report [2.8 Kristin Smith, Blockchain Association and Katie Haun, a16z]","We need unity and speed right now.","Translation",{"id":49,"publish_date":50,"is_original":4,"collection":5,"cover_url":51,"cover_url_1_1":52,"title":53,"summary":54,"author":47},531,"2022-05-25","article_res/cover/e8362057f8fa189594c60afdfaaeb6e5.jpeg","article_res/cover/8ea08d0d6fa7eee6b57ed4ec61b61ad6.jpeg","Decentralized Society: Finding Web3’s Soul / Decentralized Society: Finding the Soul of Web3 -7","Decentralization through Pluralism When analyzing ecosystems, it's desirable to measure how decentralized it is.",{"id":56,"publish_date":57,"is_original":32,"collection":58,"cover_url":59,"cover_url_1_1":60,"title":61,"summary":62,"author":63},127,"2024-11-14","#Google #AI Game #World Model #AI Story","article_res/cover/0233a875b7ec2debf59779e311547569.jpeg","article_res/cover/6ffddb6ae4914b3c699493311aa9f198.jpeg","Google Launches \"Unbounded\": A Generative Infinite Character Life Simulation Game","Unbounded: A Generative Infinite Game of Character Life Simulation","Renee's Entrepreneurial Journey",{"id":13,"publish_date":65,"is_original":32,"collection":66,"cover_url":67,"cover_url_1_1":68,"title":69,"summary":70,"author":63},"2025-02-14","#Deep Dive into LLMs #Andrej Karpathy #LLM #Tool Use #Hallucination","article_res/cover/11e858ad6b74dfa80f923d549b62855c.jpeg","article_res/cover/615e1b320f1fc163edc1d2d154a6de33.jpeg","Andrej Karpathy's in-depth explanation of LLM (Part 4): Hallucinations","hallucinations, tool use, knowledge/working memory",{"id":72,"publish_date":73,"is_original":4,"collection":5,"cover_url":74,"cover_url_1_1":75,"title":76,"summary":77,"author":47},579,"2022-04-07","article_res/cover/39387376ba28447af1eb40576b9df215.jpeg","article_res/cover/02727ede8551ed49901d0abe6d6305b7.jpeg","Messari Report Translation and Summary 【1-7 Surviving the Winter】","I’d be more cautious here: 10 year and 10 hour thinking only.",[79,87,95,103,111],{"id":80,"publish_date":81,"is_original":32,"collection":82,"cover_url":83,"cover_url_1_1":84,"title":85,"summary":86,"author":63},627,"2025-03-20","#AI Avatar #AI Video Generation","article_res/cover/d95481358f73924989f8c4ee9c75d1c8.jpeg","article_res/cover/b74bc0fab01f8b6a6aa87696c0c3ed8b.jpeg","DisPose: Generating Animated Videos by Driving Video with Reference Images","DisPose is a controllable human image animation method that enhances video generation.",{"id":88,"publish_date":89,"is_original":32,"collection":90,"cover_url":91,"cover_url_1_1":92,"title":93,"summary":94,"author":63},626,"2025-03-21","#Deep Dive into LLMs #LLM #RL #Andrej Karpathy #AlphaGo","article_res/cover/446553a5c8f8f2f07d97b20eaee84e56.jpeg","article_res/cover/e6c2823409c9b34624064b9acbaca6f1.jpeg","AlphaGo and the Power of Reinforcement Learning - Andrej Karpathy's Deep Dive on LLMs (Part 9)","Simply learning from humans will never surpass human capabilities.",{"id":96,"publish_date":97,"is_original":32,"collection":98,"cover_url":99,"cover_url_1_1":100,"title":101,"summary":102,"author":63},625,"2025-03-22","#Deep Dive into LLMs #LLM #RL #RLHF #Andrej Karpathy","article_res/cover/8da81d38b1e5cf558a164710fd8a5389.jpeg","article_res/cover/96f028d76c362a99a0dd56389e8f7a9b.jpeg","Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) - Andrej Karpathy's Deep Dive on LLMs (Part 10)","Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferences",{"id":104,"publish_date":105,"is_original":32,"collection":106,"cover_url":107,"cover_url_1_1":108,"title":109,"summary":110,"author":63},624,"2025-03-23","#Deep Dive into LLMs #LLM #Andrej Karpathy #AI Agent #MMM","article_res/cover/a5e7c3d48bb09109684d6513287c661d.jpeg","article_res/cover/d3f22b7c0ab8d82fd2da457a299e0773.jpeg","The Future of Large Language Models - Andrej Karpathy's In-Depth Explanation of LLM (Part 11)","preview of things to come",{"id":112,"publish_date":105,"is_original":32,"collection":113,"cover_url":114,"cover_url_1_1":115,"title":116,"summary":117,"author":63},623,"#Google #Voe #AI Video Generation","article_res/cover/c44062fea0f336c2b96b3928292392c2.jpeg","article_res/cover/a041041c69092ad3db191c5bf3ff981b.jpeg","Trial of Google's video generation model VOE2","Our state-of-the-art video generation model",[119,127,135],{"id":120,"publish_date":121,"is_original":32,"collection":122,"cover_url":123,"cover_url_1_1":124,"title":125,"summary":126,"author":63},160,"2024-10-04","#Philosophy","article_res/cover/496990c49211e8b7f996b7d39c18168e.jpeg","article_res/cover/14dbaa1ade9cb4316d5829423a900362.jpeg","Time","The fungus of the morning does not know the waxing and waning of the moon, and the cicada does not know the seasons; this is a short life. To the south of the state of Chu there is a dark spirit which regards five hundred years as spring and five hundred years as autumn. In ancient times there was a great tree called the Ming which regarded eight thousand years as spring and eight thousand years as autumn; this is a long life.",{"id":128,"publish_date":129,"is_original":32,"collection":130,"cover_url":131,"cover_url_1_1":132,"title":133,"summary":134,"author":63},98,"2024-12-17","#AI Video Generator #Sora #Pika","article_res/cover/3b86e85d03fff4f356a3e4cf2bb329c9.jpeg","article_res/cover/5fa5c20ad0b40f8f544d257c0ef02938.jpeg","Pika 2.0 video generation officially released: effect comparison with Sora","今天，我们推出了Pika 2.0模型。卓越的文字对齐效果。惊人的视觉表现。还有✨场景成分✨",{"id":136,"publish_date":137,"is_original":32,"collection":138,"cover_url":139,"cover_url_1_1":140,"title":141,"summary":142,"author":63},71,"2025-01-14","#Nvidia #World Foundation Model #Cosmos #Physical AI #Embodied AI","article_res/cover/feddf8c832dfb45d28804291f6a42a9e.jpeg","article_res/cover/d6bc2f1186d96b78228c2283a17a3645.jpeg","NVIDIA's Cosmos World Model","Cosmos World Foundation Model Platform for Physical AI",[144,163,188],{"title":8,"items":145},[146,147,155],{"id":104,"publish_date":105,"is_original":32,"collection":106,"cover_url":107,"cover_url_1_1":108,"title":109,"summary":110,"author":63},{"id":148,"publish_date":149,"is_original":32,"collection":150,"cover_url":151,"cover_url_1_1":152,"title":153,"summary":154,"author":63},622,"2025-03-24","#OWL #AI Agent #MAS #MCP #CUA","article_res/cover/cb50ca7f2bf4d1ed50202d7406e1c19a.jpeg","article_res/cover/4aa7aa3badfacf3cc84121334f1050dd.jpeg","OWL: Multi-agent collaboration","OWL: Optimized Workforce Learning for General Multi-Agent Assistance in Real-World Task Automation",{"id":156,"publish_date":157,"is_original":32,"collection":158,"cover_url":159,"cover_url_1_1":160,"title":161,"summary":162,"author":63},620,"2025-03-26","#LLM #Google #Gemini #AI Agent","article_res/cover/53751a6dbbe990b1eb0b63f3b062aed4.jpeg","article_res/cover/031344981f0a212ff82d1f3a64aa5756.jpeg","Gemini 2.5 Pro, claimed to be far ahead of the competition, has been released with great fanfare: comprehensively surpassing other LLMs and topping the global rankings","Gemini 2.5: Our most intelligent AI model",{"title":9,"items":164},[165,172,180],{"id":166,"publish_date":157,"is_original":32,"collection":167,"cover_url":168,"cover_url_1_1":169,"title":170,"summary":171,"author":63},619,"#OpenAI #AI Image Generator #4o #MMM #AR Transformer","article_res/cover/2faffc97fcecf3151552cb0fd3206d89.jpeg","article_res/cover/1133cb4948af44cee2e7fbe79efb69e5.jpeg","The native image function of GPT-4o is officially launched","Introducing 4o Image Generation",{"id":173,"publish_date":174,"is_original":4,"collection":175,"cover_url":176,"cover_url_1_1":177,"title":178,"summary":179,"author":63},434,"2023-07-15","#Anthropic #OpenAI #Google #AI Code Generator #Claude","article_res/cover/e1b6f600a2b9f262a4392684e5f2ce25.jpeg","article_res/cover/6e1772e83f78f9a351ab23d3e414adee.jpeg","Latest Updates on Google Bard /Anthropic Claude2 / ChatGPT Code Interpreter","We want our models to use their programming skills to provide more natural interfaces to the basic functions of our computers.  \n - OpenAI",{"id":181,"publish_date":182,"is_original":4,"collection":183,"cover_url":184,"cover_url_1_1":185,"title":186,"summary":187,"author":63},417,"2023-08-24","#OpenAI","article_res/cover/bccf897d50a88b18364e35f7466387e0.jpeg","article_res/cover/2f871085c1073717c1703ae86e18056f.jpeg","The GPT-3.5 Turbo fine-tuning (fine-tuning function) has been released～","Developers can now bring their own data to customize GPT-3.5 Turbo for their use cases.",{"title":10,"items":189},[190,191,192],{"id":88,"publish_date":89,"is_original":32,"collection":90,"cover_url":91,"cover_url_1_1":92,"title":93,"summary":94,"author":63},{"id":96,"publish_date":97,"is_original":32,"collection":98,"cover_url":99,"cover_url_1_1":100,"title":101,"summary":102,"author":63},{"id":104,"publish_date":105,"is_original":32,"collection":106,"cover_url":107,"cover_url_1_1":108,"title":109,"summary":110,"author":63},true,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":195},{"id":196,"publish_date":197,"is_original":4,"collection":5,"articles_id":198,"cover_url":199,"cover_url_1_1":200,"title":201,"summary":202,"author":203,"content":204},419,"2023-08-22","DCaqhXmcobfGPQ0oi5WKMg","article_res/cover/0418afcee8ef2929f76d1437f08b164f.jpeg","article_res/cover/40a5325e953d7ffcfe5f2bde881f04ee.jpeg","EOA and AA Wallets","What is Account Abstraction (AA) and How Do AA Wallets Work?","--","\u003Cdiv class=\"rich_media_content js_underline_content\n                       defaultNoSetting\n            \" id=\"js_content\">\u003Cp style='box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>On Ethereum, we mainly have two types of accounts:\u003C/p>\u003Col style='box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 25px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);list-style-type: decimal;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-size: 16px;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>\u003Cli style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;display: block;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;text-align: left;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-weight: 500;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;font-weight: bold;color: black;\">Externally Owned Account (EOA)\u003C/strong>\u003C/section>\u003C/li>\u003Cli style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;display: block;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;text-align: left;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-weight: 500;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;font-weight: bold;color: black;\">Contract Account (CA)\u003C/strong>\u003C/section>\u003C/li>\u003C/ol>\u003Ch2 style='box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;font-size: 22px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>\u003Cspan class=\"content\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">Externally Owned Account (EOA - Externally Owned Account)\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"suffix\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C/span>\u003C/h2>\u003Cp style='box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>is an account controlled and managed by users through private keys. This private key can be considered as your unique signature and access pass on the blockchain. Through EOA, users can send/receive transactions and interact with various applications.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>include:\u003C/p>\u003Cul style='box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 25px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);list-style-type: disc;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-size: 16px;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>\u003Cli style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;display: block;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;text-align: left;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-weight: 500;\">Typically set up via a mnemonic phrase (seed phrase). These mnemonics are very important as they represent your private key and account access, so they need to be stored securely.\u003C/section>\u003C/li>\u003Cli style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;display: block;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;text-align: left;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-weight: 500;\">Allow sending and receiving transactions, managing ETH balances, and interacting with smart contracts.\u003C/section>\u003C/li>\u003Cli style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;display: block;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;text-align: left;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-weight: 500;\">No additional funds required when deployed on-chain.\u003C/section>\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>\u003Cp style='box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>There are various ways to implement EOA in the market, such as software wallets (like MetaMask, Trust Wallet, Rainbow) and hardware wallets (such as Trezor, Ledger, GridPlus). Although their user experiences may differ, they all provide users with the same type of account experience.\u003C/p>\u003Ch2 style='box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;font-size: 22px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>\u003Cspan class=\"content\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">Contract Account (CA - Contract Account)\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"suffix\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C/span>\u003C/h2>\u003Cp style='box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>represents a special type of account. Unlike externally owned accounts (EOA), it is not controlled by private keys but rather by its built-in smart contract code. Contract accounts not only possess code, but when they receive transactions, their code will be triggered for execution. This feature allows contract accounts to perform various complex logic, such as token transfers, contract deployments, and other advanced blockchain operations.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>are as follows:\u003C/p>\u003Cul style='box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 25px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);list-style-type: disc;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-size: 16px;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>\u003Cli style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;display: block;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;text-align: left;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-weight: 500;\">Fees are incurred because contract data needs to be continuously stored on the network.\u003C/section>\u003C/li>\u003Cli style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;display: block;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;text-align: left;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-weight: 500;\">The code of contract accounts is only triggered when they receive transactions, which may result in transaction responses.\u003C/section>\u003C/li>\u003Cli style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;display: block;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;text-align: left;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-weight: 500;\">Transactions from EOA to contract accounts can trigger their code to complete operations, such as token transfers or the creation of new contracts.\u003C/section>\u003C/li>\u003Cli style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;display: block;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;text-align: left;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-weight: 500;\">They do not own private keys. Their behavior is entirely determined by their internal code logic.\u003C/section>\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>\u003Ch2 style='box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;font-size: 22px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>\u003Cspan class=\"content\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">Account Abstraction (AA): Combining the advantages of EOA and CA\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"suffix\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C/span>\u003C/h2>\u003Cp style='box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>In the blockchain field, AA (Account Abstraction) is a new development that integrates the characteristics of EOA and CA, aiming to combine the strengths of both and overcome their limitations.\u003C/p>\u003Cblockquote style='box-sizing: border-box;margin: 20px 0px;display: block;font-size: 0.9em;overflow: auto;border-left-width: 3px;border-left-style: solid;border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);color: rgb(106, 115, 125);padding: 10px 10px 10px 20px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: black;\">EOA = off-chain wallet\u003C/p>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: black;\">AA = on-chain wallet = EOA + Smart Contract\u003C/p>\u003C/blockquote>\u003Cp style='box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>uses smart contracts to provide wallet accounts with on-chain programming capabilities, bringing unprecedented flexibility to wallet accounts.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>include:\u003C/p>\u003Cul style='box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 25px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);list-style-type: disc;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-size: 16px;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>\u003Cli style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;display: block;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;text-align: left;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-weight: 500;\">: Before using an AA wallet, an activation must occur, and a certain amount of gas fee must be paid.\u003C/section>\u003C/li>\u003Cli style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;display: block;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;text-align: left;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-weight: 500;\">: Unlike EOA wallets, account abstraction provides high programmability and personalized configuration.\u003C/section>\u003C/li>\u003Cli style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;display: block;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;text-align: left;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-weight: 500;\">: As part of a smart contract, AA allows users to track transaction status in real time, unlike EOAs which only show \"pending\".\u003C/section>\u003C/li>\u003Cli style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;display: block;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;text-align: left;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-weight: 500;\">: Through smart contract technology, AA has made significant progress in security compared to EOA.\u003C/section>\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan class=\"content\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003Csection>\u003Csection style=\"display: inline-block;\">\u003Cimg data-ratio=\"1.1783333333333332\" data-type=\"jpg\" data-w=\"600\" src=\"https://res.cooltool.vip/article_res/assets/17434959528970.2332416891610931.jpeg\">\u003C/section>​\u003C/section>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan class=\"content\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C/span>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Ch3 style='box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;font-size: 20px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>\u003Cspan class=\"content\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">How AA wallets work and key proposals\u003C/span>\u003C/h3>\u003Cp style='box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>AA wallets are composed of EOAs and smart contracts, with particular emphasis on their smart contract component.\u003C/p>\u003Col style='box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 25px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);list-style-type: decimal;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-size: 16px;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>\u003Cli style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;display: block;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;text-align: left;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-weight: 500;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: black;\">: This proposal defines a set of implementation mechanisms that allow smart contracts to bypass regular signature algorithms and confirm transaction validity by executing specific EVM bytecode. This design aims to enable smart contracts to autonomously adjust gas prices and ensure fees within their payment capability.\u003C/p>\u003C/section>\u003C/li>\u003Cli style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;display: block;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;text-align: left;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-weight: 500;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: black;\">: This proposal was introduced shortly after EIP-2938, adopting a completely different strategy. EIP-3074 aims to make EOA accounts behave more like smart contracts by allowing users to delegate control of their EOAs to specific contracts.\u003C/p>\u003C/section>\u003C/li>\u003Cli style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;display: block;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;text-align: left;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-weight: 500;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: black;\">: This is the latest proposal towards AA, which can be seen as the next step in the development of smart contract wallets. Under the framework of EIP-4337, users no longer directly initiate transactions but submit operations called UserOperations to a higher-level mempool. Then, miners or bundlers can aggregate these UserOperations into a bundled transaction and submit them to a specific EntryPoint contract for execution. This contract ensures the sequential execution of operations and guarantees that miners or bundlers receive their due transaction fees.\u003C/p>\u003C/section>\u003C/li>\u003C/ol>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan class=\"content\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003Csection>\u003Csection style=\"display: inline-block;\">\u003Cimg data-ratio=\"0.783203125\" data-type=\"jpg\" data-w=\"1024\" src=\"https://res.cooltool.vip/article_res/assets/17434959529090.7624497437174467.jpeg\">\u003C/section>​\u003C/section>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan class=\"content\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C/span>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Ch3 style='box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;font-size: 20px;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>\u003Cspan class=\"content\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">Future evolution of AA\u003C/span>\u003C/h3>\u003Cp style='box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>The design philosophy of EIP-4337 is similar to smart contract wallets, aiming to simulate AA without protocol-level changes. However, just like smart contract wallets, EIP-4337-based wallets remain non-preferred entities in the Ethereum network.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>This series of account abstraction designs and developments has laid a solid foundation for the entire ecosystem's transition to L2s. For example, StarkNet and zkSync are about to introduce their own account abstraction mechanisms, drawing heavily on the ideas of EIP-4337.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;font-size: 16px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, \"PingFang SC\", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, \"Times New Roman\", serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration: none;'>As more L2 implementations begin to support this variant of account abstraction, it is expected that more users will experience the significant improvements it brings. When the community more widely experiences these benefits, there may be greater motivation to push for protocol-level modifications, enabling full account abstraction on the Ethereum mainnet.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style=\"display: none;\">\u003Cmp-style-type data-value=\"10000\">\u003C/mp-style-type>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>",1752585492175]