[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":205},["ShallowReactive",2],{"DlFXI4Eibt_Bn9lrEZz1TYbHCWFZj3IvqwHQSEW-Exc":3,"VVDHhx90O5OpJiAQRWaqw_nA4dDgnp74OmAMfZZPHGA":194},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"",{"category":7,"tag":11,"hot":39,"new":78,"banner":118,"data":143,"cache":193},[8,9,10],"Agent","OpenAI","LLM",[12,14,17,20,23,25,27,30,33,36],{"title":8,"total":13},39,{"title":15,"total":16},"Google",44,{"title":18,"total":19},"Nvidia",13,{"title":21,"total":22},"Claude",11,{"title":9,"total":24},35,{"title":10,"total":26},85,{"title":28,"total":29},"DeepSeek",9,{"title":31,"total":32},"OCR",1,{"title":34,"total":35},"Chat",7,{"title":37,"total":38},"Generator",116,[40,48,55,64,71],{"id":41,"publish_date":42,"is_original":4,"collection":5,"cover_url":43,"cover_url_1_1":44,"title":45,"summary":46,"author":47},557,"2022-04-29","article_res/cover/7a9b1375ed9bb298154981bae42b794d.jpeg","article_res/cover/afa281dd52bc0454e6735daa8e6b0706.jpeg","Translation and summary of Messari Report [2.8 Kristin Smith, Blockchain Association and Katie Haun, a16z]","We need unity and speed right now.","Translation",{"id":49,"publish_date":50,"is_original":4,"collection":5,"cover_url":51,"cover_url_1_1":52,"title":53,"summary":54,"author":47},531,"2022-05-25","article_res/cover/e8362057f8fa189594c60afdfaaeb6e5.jpeg","article_res/cover/8ea08d0d6fa7eee6b57ed4ec61b61ad6.jpeg","Decentralized Society: Finding Web3’s Soul / Decentralized Society: Finding the Soul of Web3 -7","Decentralization through Pluralism When analyzing ecosystems, it's desirable to measure how decentralized it is.",{"id":56,"publish_date":57,"is_original":32,"collection":58,"cover_url":59,"cover_url_1_1":60,"title":61,"summary":62,"author":63},127,"2024-11-14","#Google #AI Game #World Model #AI Story","article_res/cover/0233a875b7ec2debf59779e311547569.jpeg","article_res/cover/6ffddb6ae4914b3c699493311aa9f198.jpeg","Google Launches \"Unbounded\": A Generative Infinite Character Life Simulation Game","Unbounded: A Generative Infinite Game of Character Life Simulation","Renee's Entrepreneurial Journey",{"id":13,"publish_date":65,"is_original":32,"collection":66,"cover_url":67,"cover_url_1_1":68,"title":69,"summary":70,"author":63},"2025-02-14","#Deep Dive into LLMs #Andrej Karpathy #LLM #Tool Use #Hallucination","article_res/cover/11e858ad6b74dfa80f923d549b62855c.jpeg","article_res/cover/615e1b320f1fc163edc1d2d154a6de33.jpeg","Andrej Karpathy's in-depth explanation of LLM (Part 4): Hallucinations","hallucinations, tool use, knowledge/working memory",{"id":72,"publish_date":73,"is_original":4,"collection":5,"cover_url":74,"cover_url_1_1":75,"title":76,"summary":77,"author":47},579,"2022-04-07","article_res/cover/39387376ba28447af1eb40576b9df215.jpeg","article_res/cover/02727ede8551ed49901d0abe6d6305b7.jpeg","Messari Report Translation and Summary 【1-7 Surviving the Winter】","I’d be more cautious here: 10 year and 10 hour thinking only.",[79,87,95,103,111],{"id":80,"publish_date":81,"is_original":32,"collection":82,"cover_url":83,"cover_url_1_1":84,"title":85,"summary":86,"author":63},627,"2025-03-20","#AI Avatar #AI Video Generation","article_res/cover/d95481358f73924989f8c4ee9c75d1c8.jpeg","article_res/cover/b74bc0fab01f8b6a6aa87696c0c3ed8b.jpeg","DisPose: Generating Animated Videos by Driving Video with Reference Images","DisPose is a controllable human image animation method that enhances video generation.",{"id":88,"publish_date":89,"is_original":32,"collection":90,"cover_url":91,"cover_url_1_1":92,"title":93,"summary":94,"author":63},626,"2025-03-21","#Deep Dive into LLMs #LLM #RL #Andrej Karpathy #AlphaGo","article_res/cover/446553a5c8f8f2f07d97b20eaee84e56.jpeg","article_res/cover/e6c2823409c9b34624064b9acbaca6f1.jpeg","AlphaGo and the Power of Reinforcement Learning - Andrej Karpathy's Deep Dive on LLMs (Part 9)","Simply learning from humans will never surpass human capabilities.",{"id":96,"publish_date":97,"is_original":32,"collection":98,"cover_url":99,"cover_url_1_1":100,"title":101,"summary":102,"author":63},625,"2025-03-22","#Deep Dive into LLMs #LLM #RL #RLHF #Andrej Karpathy","article_res/cover/8da81d38b1e5cf558a164710fd8a5389.jpeg","article_res/cover/96f028d76c362a99a0dd56389e8f7a9b.jpeg","Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) - Andrej Karpathy's Deep Dive on LLMs (Part 10)","Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferences",{"id":104,"publish_date":105,"is_original":32,"collection":106,"cover_url":107,"cover_url_1_1":108,"title":109,"summary":110,"author":63},624,"2025-03-23","#Deep Dive into LLMs #LLM #Andrej Karpathy #AI Agent #MMM","article_res/cover/a5e7c3d48bb09109684d6513287c661d.jpeg","article_res/cover/d3f22b7c0ab8d82fd2da457a299e0773.jpeg","The Future of Large Language Models - Andrej Karpathy's In-Depth Explanation of LLM (Part 11)","preview of things to come",{"id":112,"publish_date":105,"is_original":32,"collection":113,"cover_url":114,"cover_url_1_1":115,"title":116,"summary":117,"author":63},623,"#Google #Voe #AI Video Generation","article_res/cover/c44062fea0f336c2b96b3928292392c2.jpeg","article_res/cover/a041041c69092ad3db191c5bf3ff981b.jpeg","Trial of Google's video generation model VOE2","Our state-of-the-art video generation model",[119,127,135],{"id":120,"publish_date":121,"is_original":32,"collection":122,"cover_url":123,"cover_url_1_1":124,"title":125,"summary":126,"author":63},160,"2024-10-04","#Philosophy","article_res/cover/496990c49211e8b7f996b7d39c18168e.jpeg","article_res/cover/14dbaa1ade9cb4316d5829423a900362.jpeg","Time","The fungus of the morning does not know the waxing and waning of the moon, and the cicada does not know the seasons; this is a short life. To the south of the state of Chu there is a dark spirit which regards five hundred years as spring and five hundred years as autumn. In ancient times there was a great tree called the Ming which regarded eight thousand years as spring and eight thousand years as autumn; this is a long life.",{"id":128,"publish_date":129,"is_original":32,"collection":130,"cover_url":131,"cover_url_1_1":132,"title":133,"summary":134,"author":63},98,"2024-12-17","#AI Video Generator #Sora #Pika","article_res/cover/3b86e85d03fff4f356a3e4cf2bb329c9.jpeg","article_res/cover/5fa5c20ad0b40f8f544d257c0ef02938.jpeg","Pika 2.0 video generation officially released: effect comparison with Sora","今天，我们推出了Pika 2.0模型。卓越的文字对齐效果。惊人的视觉表现。还有✨场景成分✨",{"id":136,"publish_date":137,"is_original":32,"collection":138,"cover_url":139,"cover_url_1_1":140,"title":141,"summary":142,"author":63},71,"2025-01-14","#Nvidia #World Foundation Model #Cosmos #Physical AI #Embodied AI","article_res/cover/feddf8c832dfb45d28804291f6a42a9e.jpeg","article_res/cover/d6bc2f1186d96b78228c2283a17a3645.jpeg","NVIDIA's Cosmos World Model","Cosmos World Foundation Model Platform for Physical AI",[144,163,188],{"title":8,"items":145},[146,147,155],{"id":104,"publish_date":105,"is_original":32,"collection":106,"cover_url":107,"cover_url_1_1":108,"title":109,"summary":110,"author":63},{"id":148,"publish_date":149,"is_original":32,"collection":150,"cover_url":151,"cover_url_1_1":152,"title":153,"summary":154,"author":63},622,"2025-03-24","#OWL #AI Agent #MAS #MCP #CUA","article_res/cover/cb50ca7f2bf4d1ed50202d7406e1c19a.jpeg","article_res/cover/4aa7aa3badfacf3cc84121334f1050dd.jpeg","OWL: Multi-agent collaboration","OWL: Optimized Workforce Learning for General Multi-Agent Assistance in Real-World Task Automation",{"id":156,"publish_date":157,"is_original":32,"collection":158,"cover_url":159,"cover_url_1_1":160,"title":161,"summary":162,"author":63},620,"2025-03-26","#LLM #Google #Gemini #AI Agent","article_res/cover/53751a6dbbe990b1eb0b63f3b062aed4.jpeg","article_res/cover/031344981f0a212ff82d1f3a64aa5756.jpeg","Gemini 2.5 Pro, claimed to be far ahead of the competition, has been released with great fanfare: comprehensively surpassing other LLMs and topping the global rankings","Gemini 2.5: Our most intelligent AI model",{"title":9,"items":164},[165,172,180],{"id":166,"publish_date":157,"is_original":32,"collection":167,"cover_url":168,"cover_url_1_1":169,"title":170,"summary":171,"author":63},619,"#OpenAI #AI Image Generator #4o #MMM #AR Transformer","article_res/cover/2faffc97fcecf3151552cb0fd3206d89.jpeg","article_res/cover/1133cb4948af44cee2e7fbe79efb69e5.jpeg","The native image function of GPT-4o is officially launched","Introducing 4o Image Generation",{"id":173,"publish_date":174,"is_original":4,"collection":175,"cover_url":176,"cover_url_1_1":177,"title":178,"summary":179,"author":63},434,"2023-07-15","#Anthropic #OpenAI #Google #AI Code Generator #Claude","article_res/cover/e1b6f600a2b9f262a4392684e5f2ce25.jpeg","article_res/cover/6e1772e83f78f9a351ab23d3e414adee.jpeg","Latest Updates on Google Bard /Anthropic Claude2 / ChatGPT Code Interpreter","We want our models to use their programming skills to provide more natural interfaces to the basic functions of our computers.  \n - OpenAI",{"id":181,"publish_date":182,"is_original":4,"collection":183,"cover_url":184,"cover_url_1_1":185,"title":186,"summary":187,"author":63},417,"2023-08-24","#OpenAI","article_res/cover/bccf897d50a88b18364e35f7466387e0.jpeg","article_res/cover/2f871085c1073717c1703ae86e18056f.jpeg","The GPT-3.5 Turbo fine-tuning (fine-tuning function) has been released～","Developers can now bring their own data to customize GPT-3.5 Turbo for their use cases.",{"title":10,"items":189},[190,191,192],{"id":88,"publish_date":89,"is_original":32,"collection":90,"cover_url":91,"cover_url_1_1":92,"title":93,"summary":94,"author":63},{"id":96,"publish_date":97,"is_original":32,"collection":98,"cover_url":99,"cover_url_1_1":100,"title":101,"summary":102,"author":63},{"id":104,"publish_date":105,"is_original":32,"collection":106,"cover_url":107,"cover_url_1_1":108,"title":109,"summary":110,"author":63},true,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":195},{"id":196,"publish_date":197,"is_original":4,"collection":5,"articles_id":198,"cover_url":199,"cover_url_1_1":200,"title":201,"summary":202,"author":203,"content":204},603,"2022-03-14","so2sQpcIip586iKZ16EGKA","article_res/cover/fc952f7551bc0bca96e637c2f15557a4.jpeg","article_res/cover/8b46b12fe2f1e894215fe1677d50351b.jpeg","How to evaluate investments - Future Value and Present Value","Remember that stock prices are not about the past. They are a prediction of future cash flows discounted back to the present.","Course notes","\u003Cdiv class=\"rich_media_content js_underline_content\n                       \" id=\"js_content\">\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style='font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Helvetica Neue\", \"PingFang SC\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", \"Microsoft YaHei UI\", \"Microsoft YaHei\", Arial, sans-serif;'>Remember t\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style='font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Helvetica Neue\", \"PingFang SC\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", \"Microsoft YaHei UI\", \"Microsoft YaHei\", Arial, sans-serif;'>hat stock prices are not about the past. They are a prediction of future cash flows discounted back to the present. \u003C/span>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">- Jeff Bezos, 2020 Letter to Shareholders\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">The first sentence in the financial decision-making lecture notes states: $1 received today is preferred to $1 received sometime later.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">This is because if you don't receive the $1 today, you may lose potential income, such as interest; lose purchasing power due to inflation; and increase uncertainty, such as the payer's company going bankrupt.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">To calculate the value difference between $1 received today and $1 received sometime later, the concepts of PV and FV are used, where PV stands for present value and FV stands for future value.\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap;\">FV = PV * (1+ interest rate) \u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size:0.6em;vertical-align:super;\">years\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style='font-size: 16px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Helvetica Neue\", \"PingFang SC\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", \"Microsoft YaHei UI\", \"Microsoft YaHei\", Arial, sans-serif;'>This leads to the distinction between simple interest and compound interest:\u003C/span>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap;\">Simple interest: FV\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size:0.6em;vertical-align:sub;\">t \u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap;\">= PV * (1 + t * r)\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap;\">Compound interest: FV\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size:0.6em;vertical-align:sub;\">t\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap;\"> = PV * (1 + r)\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size:0.6em;vertical-align:super;\">t\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">According to the compound interest calculation cycle, there is annual compounding, daily compounding, and continuous compounding. The formula for calculating continuous compounding is\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan style='font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Helvetica Neue\", \"PingFang SC\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", \"Microsoft YaHei UI\", \"Microsoft YaHei\", Arial, sans-serif;'>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap;\">FV\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size:0.6em;vertical-align:sub;\">t\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap;\"> = PV * e\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size:0.6em;vertical-align:super;\">r * t \u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap;\"> = PV * 2.718\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size:0.6em;vertical-align:super;\">r * t\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style='font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Helvetica Neue\", \"PingFang SC\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", \"Microsoft YaHei UI\", \"Microsoft YaHei\", Arial, sans-serif;'>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img js_insertlocalimg\" data-ratio=\"0.38671875\" data-s=\"300,640\" data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"1280\" style=\"\" src=\"https://res.cooltool.vip/article_res/assets/17423829879200.2351375735629757.png\">\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan style='font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Helvetica Neue\", \"PingFang SC\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", \"Microsoft YaHei UI\", \"Microsoft YaHei\", Arial, sans-serif;'>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">Under the same PV, Interest rate, and time period, the shorter the compound interest calculation cycle, the higher the FV.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">Of course, extending further, there are more concepts that help in understanding investment returns, including calculating NPV, IRR, Payback, PI:\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>NPV - Net present value \u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img js_insertlocalimg\" data-ratio=\"0.32996632996632996\" data-s=\"300,640\" data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"297\" style=\"\" src=\"https://res.cooltool.vip/article_res/assets/17423829872900.010450950560976668.png\">\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>IRR - Internal rate of return \u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style='font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Helvetica Neue\", \"PingFang SC\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", \"Microsoft YaHei UI\", \"Microsoft YaHei\", Arial, sans-serif;'>The interest rate that makes the NPV = 0 in the equation above\u003C/span>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>PI - Profitability index \u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img js_insertlocalimg\" data-croporisrc=\"https://mmbiz.qlogo.cn/mmbiz_png/YdtkbCEBMDEBYcicyrjjEGd2IjvicQL4d41xzJujACNBm5WnQGcCNCG90f7K8QlBCdpmvAicXeGHbBE9HLqdibW6tg/0?wx_fmt=png\" data-cropx1=\"0\" data-cropx2=\"724.7439446366782\" data-cropy1=\"20.096885813148788\" data-cropy2=\"218.55363321799308\" data-ratio=\"0.27348066298342544\" data-s=\"300,640\" data-type=\"jpeg\" data-w=\"724\" style=\"width: 577px;height: 158px;\" src=\"https://res.cooltool.vip/article_res/assets/17423829878250.8128560561976459.jpeg\">\u003Cspan style='font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Helvetica Neue\", \"PingFang SC\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", \"Microsoft YaHei UI\", \"Microsoft YaHei\", Arial, sans-serif;text-align: justify;'>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Payback and Discounted payback period\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style='font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Helvetica Neue\", \"PingFang SC\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", \"Microsoft YaHei UI\", \"Microsoft YaHei\", Arial, sans-serif;'>Represent the payback time and the payback time calculated by discounting future revenues into PV, respectively.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">Run a company like making an investment. We now also calculate NPV, IRR, PI, and Payback for different internal projects, which incorporates factors such as payback period and return size. From the perspective of funding sources, we also consider the cost of capital, after all, as Uncle Buffett said, in addition to finding good companies that can be held for decades, it is also necessary to have long-term low-cost sources of funds. 😊\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">Tomorrow, I will talk about sunk costs and opportunity costs.\u003C/p>\u003C/div>",1752585525141]